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Tuesday, April 30, 2013
How Typing on a Smart Watch Might Actually Make Sense
While the prospect of new smart watches from every corner
Called Zoomboard, the idea is that a small screen can contain a full QWERTY keyboard by smartly zooming as you type. Press down on part of the keyboard, and it zooms to show keys in just that area; pressing again types a letter. It also uses swipes to help you edit: swipe right to insert a space, left to delete, or up to see symbols.
It's not a complicated bit of technology, but it's neatly executed and could at least allow you to type a short message on your wrist. It better be short, though: in tests, students managed a fairly paltry 9.3 words per minute on the keyboard.
But that's OK, because this is a first step. Smart watches won't be perfect at first, but it's nice to know that people are at least thinking about how to make them work. The software will be presented at the Computer Human Interaction conference in Paris this week, and the source code will be made freely available, too. [Zoomboard via Technology Review]
Source: http://gizmodo.com/how-typing-on-a-smart-watch-might-actually-make-sense-484116402
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Monday, April 29, 2013
HackSpaces Is A Cloud-Based Management Tool For Co-Working Spaces
HackSpaces is designed as a platform that can be used to keep track of payments, seats, and conference rooms. The scheduler replaces whiteboards currently used by some co-working spaces, and allows users to quickly see which rooms are in use or scheduled later in the day via mobile app. It also provides a messaging tool that can allow co-working members to communicate with each other.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/ANjmipW0rVE/
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Florida teenager's shooter faces deadline in court
By Barbara Liston
ORLANDO (Reuters) - Prosecutors in Florida want George Zimmerman to state publicly at a court hearing on Tuesday whether he will pursue his immunity defense in the 2012 shooting death of teenager Trayvon Martin on the basis of the state's "Stand Your Ground" law, or waive his right to use it.
Prosecutors asked Judge Debra Nelson in a motion to remind Zimmerman "that should defendant in fact wish to waive any pre-trial immunity challenge under this statute, he may not attempt to do so later, particularly once trial has commenced."
Zimmerman will attend Tuesday's hearing, according to his lawyer, Mark O'Mara. However, O'Mara told Reuters he hadn't decided what he will do if the judge tries to question his client.
"I know the state would like to have that information, it seems. I don't feel compelled to advise anybody of my strategy in this case," O'Mara said.
Zimmerman goes on trial June 10 on a second-degree murder charge for shooting Martin after prosecutors say he profiled and confronted the unarmed black teenager, despite a police dispatcher instructing him not to do so.
Zimmerman, 29, was a neighborhood watch volunteer at the time and Martin was walking back to a town home in the gated community in Sanford, Florida, with snacks to eat while watching a televised basketball game in February last year.
O'Mara has talked publicly about pursuing immunity for Zimmerman under Florida's controversial "Stand Your Ground" statute, which bars prosecution of someone who is in fear of his life and shoots rather than retreats. O'Mara canceled a scheduled hearing earlier this month to make the case, but told Reuters he believes he has the right to raise the immunity defense at any time during the trial.
"If you can convince someone, a judge, by preponderance of evidence that you acted in self defense, then you're immune, and that can happen however it happens," O'Mara said.
Prosecutors want to pin Zimmerman down on the record over waiving his right to pursue immunity in order to pre-empt the possibility that he might try to revive it after trial if he is found guilty, according to the motion. O'Mara said it would be difficult to raise the issue post-conviction.
Nelson also will hear a defense request to unseal a settlement between Martin's parents and the homeowner's association at The Retreat at Twin Lakes subdivision where Martin was killed.
The association's insurance company at one point offered its policy limit of $1 million to the family, according to correspondence between the insurance company and association attached to the motion. The defense argues that the jury should be able to consider the financial interest of potential witnesses in the case.
(Editing by David Adams and Christopher Wilson)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/florida-teenagers-shooter-faces-deadline-court-110517464.html
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Are lesbians more accepted than gay men? | The Salt Lake Tribune
ADVANCE FOR USE SUNDAY, APRIL 28, 2013 AND THEREAFTER - Sarah Toce, editor of a daily online news magazine "The Seattle Lesbian," poses for a photo Friday, April 19, 2013, in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood, in an alleyway that has been the site of fights and other violence against gay men. Even as society has become more accepting of homosexuality overall, longstanding research has shown more societal tolerance for lesbians than gay men, and that gay men are significantly more likely to be targets of violence. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Society ? Research shows more societal tolerance for lesbians, and gay men face more violence.
Chicago ? It may be a man?s world, as the saying goes, but lesbians seem to have an easier time living in it than gay men do.
High-profile lesbian athletes have come out while still playing their sports, but not a single gay male athlete in major U.S. professional sports has done the same. While television?s most prominent same-sex parents are the two fictional dads on "Modern Family," surveys show that society is actually more comfortable with the idea of lesbians parenting children.
And then there is the ongoing debate over the Boy Scouts of America proposal to ease their ban on gay leaders and scouts.
Reaction to the proposal, which the BSA?s National Council will take up next month, has been swift, and often harsh. Yet amid the discussions, the Girl Scouts of USA reiterated their policy prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation, among other things. That announcement has gone largely unnoticed.
Certainly, the difference in the public?s reaction to the scouting organizations can be attributed, in part, to their varied histories, including the Boy Scouts? longstanding religious ties and a base that has become less urban over the years, compared with the Girl Scouts?.
But there?s also an undercurrent here, one that?s often present in debates related to homosexuality, whether over the military?s now-defunct "Don?t Ask, Don?t Tell" policy or even same-sex marriage. Even as society has become more accepting of homosexuality overall, longstanding research has shown more societal tolerance for lesbians than gay men, and that gay men are significantly more likely to be targets of violence.
That research also has found that it?s often straight men who have the most difficult time with homosexuality ? and particularly gay men ? says researcher Gregory Herek.
"Men are raised to think they have to prove their masculinity, and one big part about being masculine is being heterosexual. So we see that harassment, jokes, negative statements and violence are often ways that even younger men try to prove their heterosexuality," says Herek, a psychologist at the University of California, Davis, who has, for years, studied this phenomenon and how it plays out in the gay community.
That is not, of course, to downplay the harassment lesbians face. It can be just as ugly.
But it?s not as frequent, Herek and others have found, especially in adulthood. It?s also not uncommon for lesbians to encounter straight men who have a fascination with them.
story continues below
"The men hit on me. The women hit on me. But I never feel like I?m in any immediate danger," says Sarah Toce, the 29-year-old editor of The Seattle Lesbian and managing editor of The Contributor, both online news magazines. "If I were a gay man, I might ? and if it?s like this in Seattle, can you imagine what it is like in less-accepting parts of middle America?"
One of Herek?s studies found that, overall, 38 percent of gay men said that, in adulthood, they?d been victims of vandalism, theft or violence ? hit, beaten or sexually assaulted ? because they were perceived as gay. About 13 percent of lesbians said the same.
A separate study of young people in England also found that, in their teens, gay boys and lesbians were almost twice as likely to be bullied as their straight peers. By young adulthood, it was about the same for lesbians and straight girls. But in this study, published recently in the journal Pediatrics, gay young men were almost four times more likely than their straight peers to be bullied.
At least one historian says it wasn?t always that way for either men or women, whose "expressions of love" with friends of the same gender were seen as a norm ? even idealized ? in the 19th century.
"These relationships offered ample opportunity for those who would have wanted to act on it physically, even if most did not," says Thomas Foster, associate professor and head of the history department at DePaul University in Chicago.
Today?s "code of male gendered behavior," he says, often rejects these kinds of expressions between men.
We joke about the "bro-mance" ? a term used to describe close friendships between straight men. But in some sense, the humor stems from the insinuation that those relationships could be romantic, though everyone assumes they aren?t.
Call those friends "gay," a word that?s still commonly used as an insult, and that?s quite another thing. Consider the furor over Rutgers University men?s basketball coach Mike Rice, who was recently fired for mistreating his players and mocking them with gay slurs.
If two women dance together at a club or walk arm-in-arm down the street, people are usually less likely to question it ? though some wonder if that has more to do with a lack of awareness than acceptance.
"Lesbians are so invisible in our society. And so I think the hatred is more invisible," says Laura Grimes, a licensed clinical social worker in Chicago whose counseling practice caters to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender clients.
Next Page >Copyright 2013 The Salt Lake Tribune. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Source: http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/world/56228624-68/gay-lesbians-says-scouts.html.csp
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CA-BUSINESS Summary
TSX slides as mining, energy issues stumble
TORONTO (Reuters) - Canada's main stock market finished lower on Friday as natural resource stocks slumped and market sentiment soured following U.S. economic growth data that fell short of expectations. U.S. gross domestic product expanded at a 2.5 percent rate, an increase from the fourth quarter's dismal 0.4 percent pace but shy of the 3 percent growth analysts were hoping for. The weaker-than-expected data in Canada's biggest trading partner weighed on Canadian stocks.
Ethiopian Airlines first to fly 787 Dreamliner since grounding
ADDIS ABABA (Reuters) - Ethiopian Airlines
Italian court rejects Nomura seizure order: sources
SIENA, Italy (Reuters) - An Italian judge has rejected an order to seize around 1.8 billion euros ($2.3 billion) of assets from Nomura as part of a probe into suspected fraud involving troubled lender Monte dei Paschi di Siena
Merger of drugmakers Valeant, Actavis on hold: source
(Reuters) - Talks are on hold to merge drugmakers Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc
Vodafone investors want bigger bid or full takeover by Verizon
LONDON (Reuters) - Six major Vodafone investors
Renault hopes to have approval for Chinese plant by summer: CEO
PARIS (Reuters) - Renault-Nissan
Volkswagen committed to European plants: CEO
VIENNA (Reuters) - German carmaker Volkswagen
Boeing ready to build seven Dreamliners a month by mid-year
TOKYO (Reuters) - Boeing Co
TransCanada sees Keystone XL delayed till second-half 2015
CALGARY, Alberta (Reuters) - TransCanada Corp
Exclusive: Brazil's Vale says signs accord to quit Argentine Potash project
RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) - Global miner Vale SA signed an agreement with the Argentine government on Friday that will allow the Brazilian company to leave the $6 billion Rio Colorado potash mining project, a company spokeswoman told Reuters on Friday. The agreement could put an end to months of uncertainty for Vale
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ca-business-summary-000259603.html
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Don't blame Canada: Former ambassador to Iran on Argo, America, and nukes
Canada's envoy to Tehran at the time of the Islamic revolution and the US hostage crisis, says Argo disappointed him and that he's worried about where Iran's nuclear program might lead.
Former Canadian Ambassador to Iran Ken Taylor and his wife Pat, pose for photographers at the premiere of the film Argo in Washington, Oct. 2012. Taylor, who protected Americans at great personal risk during the Iran hostage crisis of 1979, has achieved some name recognition in the US since the 2012 movie 'Argo' swept theaters and the Academy Awards.
Cliff Owen/AP/File
EnlargeFormer Canadian Ambassador Ken Taylor is neither the James Bond lookalike he hoped might portray him in the Hollywood blockbuster "Argo" nor is he quite the Austin Powers double he says might have been a more accurate choice.
Skip to next paragraph Ariel ZirulnickMiddle East Editor
Ariel Zirulnick is the Monitor's Middle East editor, overseeing regional coverage both for CSMonitor.com and the weekly magazine. She is also a contributor to the international desk's terrorism and security blog.?
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But he's achieved some name recognition in the US since the 2012 movie swept theaters and the Academy Awards, and he has plenty to say about Iran in 1979 and the country it has become since.?
Mr. Taylor was Canada's ambassador to Tehran in 1979 when the US embassy there was stormed and dozens of Americans were taken hostage. Six Americans escaped and spent months holed up with him, waiting for their extraction.
Those months are the premise of the Ben Affleck-directed movie, which Taylor mildly says took ?a bit of poetic license.?
Speaking before a gathering of the New England Canada Business Council in Boston yesterday, Taylor, who now lives in New York, joked that after friends saw "Argo" at the 2012 Toronto Film Festival, they called him and said, ?I thought Canada was involved.?
According to Taylor, he replied, ?That?s odd, So did I.?
As the tense months of being trapped inside the embassy wore on, Taylor tried to reassure the Americans that they would be home by Thanksgiving, then Christmas, then the Super Bowl. He warned the US that ?they?re going to wonder if Washington forgot about them.?
Taylor revealed little about the actual operation that got the six men and women safely back to the United States. But, he joked, at least the movie showed that he ?opened the front door of the embassy with great dexterity.?
Iran then
When Taylor arrived in Tehran in 1977, ?the country was booming.?
There were rumors that Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi ? more commonly referred to as simply ?the Shah? ? was preparing to buy Pan American Airways. It did not seem like the ?stalwart of the West? was going anywhere.
For all the blame heaped on the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for not predicting the Islamic Revolution, almost nobody saw it coming, he said. Afterward, the Ayatollah?s secular advisers told Taylor that even they didn?t expect the Shah?s government to fall like it did. ?
Revolutionary fervor did not sweep up the whole country the way it seemed to be portrayed in "Argo." And Taylor said a great disappointment for him was the way the movie portrayed Iranians, some of whom became ?marvelous friends? with him during his posting in Tehran.
?The movie was too heavy handed,? he said. ?It gave no idea that there is another side to the Iranian character. Everybody isn?t on the street. Everybody isn?t part of the revolution.?
Too many sanctions, too little talking
He is on board with the growing chorus of voices in Washington urging the Obama administration to ease up on its sanctions-heavy approach to negotiations with Iran although he acknowledges that Iran needs to give ground too.
Sometimes sanctions work, he says, citing South Africa during the apartheid era, but ?sometimes they strengthen resolve.?
When asked his opinion of whether Tehran has nuclear weapon ambitions, he cautions that ?Iran is an opaque society,? and there?s too little information to guess.
?I think they?ve got some military use in the back of their mind,? he says. ?But they don?t want to destroy themselves ? Maybe they are working at capabilities, but not necessarily producing [a nuclear weapon].?
That the military option for halting Iran?s nuclear development is ?on the table? worries Taylor, who points to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan as cautionary for anyone considering going to war with Iran.
"A bombing mission would be a fatal error. It would solve nothing,? he says. ?It would postpone [Iran?s nuclear program] for two to three years,? but nothing more, because Iran?s nuclear facilities are too dispersed.
He says, ?I wake up every morning hoping [the military option] is still on the table? ? instead of being used.
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Sunday, April 28, 2013
Young musicians cling to Cajun, zydeco traditions
NEW ORLEANS (AP) ? Singer John Mayer sang his hits after local-born bluesman Dr. John performed hometown favorites such as "Iko Iko" on Friday to close out the sun-drenched first day of the 2013 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival.
They were among the final performers on a day heavy on Louisiana-influenced music, such as T'Monde, a band of 20-somethings that kicked off the festival with century-old, fiddle-heavy Cajun tunes.
"Je vais faire accoire, que tu m'aimes toujours," sang Drew Simon (pronounced SEE-mon), while playing the accordion to lyrics from an old Cajun song that loosely translated means "I'm going to make believe that you still love me."
T'Monde (pronounced TEE-mone), in Cajun French can mean "little world" or "little people." The group based in Lafayette, La., opened one of the festival's 12 stages Friday under sunny skies, 70-degree temperatures and a gentle breeze.
Jazz Fest spans two weekends. It continues through Sunday and then resumes May 2-5.
A strong police presence was evident as the festival opened less than two weeks after the Boston Marathon bomb explosions. Police on foot and in electric carts were out in force and veteran Jazz Fest patrons said bags were checked more thoroughly.
Couples danced in the grass as T'Monde played on the Fais Do-Do (FAY-doh-doh) stage, where Cajun and zydeco music would be performed throughout the festival.
Simon, who at 29 is the eldest of the T'Monde trio, said he studied old recordings of Cajun music dating back to the early 1900s. The music was common at Cajun parties known as a "fais do do," where couples would two-step to music played with just a handful of instruments, usually a fiddle or guitar and an accordion.
Jazz Fest producer Quint Davis said Cajun and zydeco music are as important to the festival as jazz.
"There are certain aspects of culture that only exist here," Davis said. "We're the birthright of jazz, everybody knows that, second-line music, the Mardi Gras Indians go along with that. The other wonderful culture in southwest Louisiana is the French-speaking people that are Cajun and zydeco in terms of music."
Davis said about 25 Cajun bands and 25 zydeco bands will perform at this year's festival.
"The younger generations are really keen on the music and keeping it alive, so there's traditional Cajun music, which is dance hall music, and then there's zydeco, which is like French rock 'n' roll," Davis said.
Corey Ledet (pronounced LUH-day), another opening day act, said he can't remember a time when zydeco music wasn't a part of his life.
Ledet's great-grandfather played an upright bass, while his grandfather, father and uncle are drummers. He said his grandfather often played with Grammy-winning Creole and zydeco legend Clifton Chenier of Opelousas, La.
"It's in my family, all around me and it fell on me like a ton of bricks," said Ledet, of Parks, La. He said he's been playing both the accordion and drums for 22 of his 31 years. He said he feels obligated to do his part in keeping alive the musical traditions he's learned from elders in his family.
"I would like to see the tradition survive," he said. "I'd hate for ours to be the only one that dies off."
A Jazz Fest veteran, Ledet said he looks forward to the performance every year.
"The fans are just always fired up and ready to party. Rain or shine, it's one big, endless party," he said.
That party atmosphere fits right in with his genre of music, Ledet said.
"Creole and zydeco are basically happy music," he said. "It makes me feel good no matter what's going on in my life. And, it's very addictive. Once it gets in your blood, it's hard to get out."
Jazz Fest first-timer Suzi Peterson Steward of Ann Arbor, Mich., bobbed to the music as Ledet and his band played.
"I love zydeco. It's infectious. You can't stand still," she said.
Ledet said the festival also boosts his band's exposure. They've played Paris twice and have had gigs in Germany, Amsterdam, Malaysia, Hawaii and Alaska.
In all, hundreds of acts will perform over the next two festival weekends, covering genres such as Cajun, zydeco, jazz, blues, rock, hip-hop and gospel. Louisiana artists will perform among national headliners including Billy Joel, Hall and Oates, Kem, Maroon 5 and Fleetwood Mac.
On Friday, Dr. John, blues guitarist Gary Clark Jr., John Mayer, George Benson and Wayne Toups and his ZeDeCajun band were all scheduled to perform.
___
Associated Press writer Chevel Johnson contributed to this report.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/young-musicians-cling-cajun-zydeco-traditions-163606589.html
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Italian court rejects Nomura seizure order: sources
SIENA, Italy (Reuters) - An Italian judge has rejected an order to seize around 1.8 billion euros ($2.3 billion) of assets from Japanese bank Nomura as part of a probe into suspected fraud involving troubled lender Monte dei Paschi di Siena, legal sources said on Saturday.
Assets worth 140 million euros that were already seized from the Japanese bank have been released under the judge's ruling, which was made on Friday, the judicial source said.
A spokeswoman for Nomura in Italy declined to comment.
Prosecutors in Siena investigating lossmaking derivatives trades made under Monte Paschi's previous management ordered the seizure of around 1.8 billion euros of assets from the Japanese bank on April 16, but the court has rejected their request to have the order endorsed.
The trades under scrutiny include a structured deal with Nomura known as 'Alexandria', as well as a similar trade with Deutsche Bank called 'Santorini' and a smaller deal called 'Nota Italia' with JP Morgan.
It was not immediately clear whether under the judge's ruling Monte Paschi has to resume collateral payments on the Alexandria deal, which had been frozen by the prosecutors order.
On Friday Nomura's chief financial officer, Shigesuke Kashiwagi, said in a note that his bank intended to engage with Italian prosecutors to find a solution.
Monte Paschi was forced earlier this year to book losses of nearly 1 billion euros after disclosing details of the complex derivatives deals.
The bank had already been weakened by the euro zone crisis and has been forced to accept help from the state in the form of 4 billion euros of state bonds to meet tough capital requirements set by European regulators.
The investigation is also politically sensitive in Italy as the Tuscan bank had strong links with local center-left party leaders.
($1=0.7676 euros)
(Reporting by Silvia Ognibene and Danilo Masoni; Editing by Greg Mahlich)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/italy-court-rejects-seizure-nomura-assets-monte-paschi-095954292.html
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Rotoworld: Draft tracker? |? Best still available
Friday, April 26, 2013
continue story ?
Mike Clay is a football writer for Rotoworld.com and the Founder/Managing Editor of Pro Football Focus Fantasy. He can be found on Twitter .
Email :Mike Clay
Complete results from the 2013 NFL Draft are posted below. Scroll down to see the details of each in-draft trade. Click on each player name for full pick analysis.
Round 1
1. Chiefs - Eric Fisher - OT - Central Michigan
2. Jaguars - Luke Joeckel - OT - Texas A&M
3. Dolphins - Dion Jordan - DE/OLB - Oregon
4. Eagles - Lane Johnson - OT - Oklahoma
5. Lions - Ezekiel Ansah - DE - BYU
6. Browns - Barkevious Mingo - OLB - LSU
7. Cardinals - Jonathan Cooper - OG - North Carolina
8. Rams - Tavon Austin - WR - West Virginia
9. Jets - Dee Milliner - CB - Alabama
10. Titans - Chance Warmack - OG - Alabama
11. Chargers - D.J. Fluker - OT - Alabama
12. Raiders - D.J. Hayden - CB - Houston
13. Jets - Sheldon Richardson - DT - Missouri
14. Panthers - Star Lotulelei - DT - Utah
15. Saints - Kenny Vaccaro - S - Texas
16. Bills - E.J. Manuel - QB - Florida St.
17. Steelers - Jarvis Jones - OLB - Georgia
18. 49ers - Eric Reid - S - LSU
19. Giants - Justin Pugh - OT - Syracuse
20. Bears - Kyle Long - OG - Oregon
21. Bengals - Tyler Eifert - TE - Notre Dame
22. Falcons - Desmond Trufant - CB - Washington
23. Vikings - Sharrif Floyd - DT - Florida
24. Colts - Bjoern Werner - DE/OLB - Florida St.
25. Vikings - Xavier Rhodes - CB - Florida St.
26. Packers - Datone Jones - DE - UCLA
27. Texans - DeAndre Hopkins - WR - Clemson
28. Broncos - Sylvester Williams - DT - North Carolina
29. Vikings - Cordarrelle Patterson - WR - Tennessee
30. Rams - Alec Ogletree - LB - Georgia
31. Cowboys - Travis Frederick - C - Wisconsin
32. Ravens - Matt Elam - S - Florida
Thursday's Trades:
Raiders trade No. 3 to Dolphins for No. 12 and No. 42
Bills trade No. 8 and No. 71 to Rams for No. 16, No. 46, No. 78, and No. 222
Cowboys trade No. 18 to 49ers for No. 31 and No. 74
Rams trade No. 22 to Falcons for No. 30, No. 92, and No. 198
Patriots trade No. 29 to Vikings for No. 52, No. 83, No. 102, and No. 229
Round 2
33. Jaguars - Johnathan Cyprien - S - Florida International
34. Titans - Justin Hunter - WR - Tennessee
35. Eagles - Zach Ertz - TE - Stanford
36. Lions - Darius Slay - CB - Mississippi State
37. Bengals - Giovani Bernard - HB - North Carolina
38. Chargers - Manti Te'o - ILB - Notre Dame
39. Jets - Geno Smith - QB - West Virginia
40. 49ers - Tank Carradine - DE - Florida St.
41. Bills - Robert Woods - WR - North Carolina
42. Raiders - Menelik Watson - OT - Florida St.
43. Buccaneers - Johnthan Banks - CB - Mississippi State
44. Panthers - Kawann Short - DT - Purdue
45. Cardinals - Kevin Minter - ILB - LSU
46. Bills - Kiko Alonso - ILB - Oregon
47. Cowboys - Gavin Escobar - TE - San Diego St.
48. Steelers - Le'Veon Bell - HB - Michigan St.
49. Giants - Johnathan Hankins - DT - Ohio State
50. Bears - Jon Bostic - ILB - Florida
51. Redskins - David Amerson - CB - N.C. State
52. Patriots - Jamie Collins - OLB - Southern Miss
53. Bengals - Margus Hunt - DE - SMU
54. Dolphins - Jamar Taylor - CB - Boise State
55. 49ers - Vance McDonald - TE - Rice
56. Ravens - Arthur Brown - LB - Kansas St.
57. Texans - D.J. Swearinger - S - South Carolina
58. Broncos - Montee Ball - RB - Wisconsin
59. Patriots - Aaron Dobson - WR - Marshall
60. Falcons - Robert Alford - CB - SE Louisiana
61. Packers - Eddie Lacy - HB - Alabama
62. Seahawks - Christine Michael - HB - Texas A&M
Second-Round Trades:
49ers trade No. 34 to Titans for No. 40, No. 216, and 2014 3rd-rounder
Cardinals trade No. 38 to Chargers for No. 45 and No. 110
Packers trade No. 55 to 49ers for No. 61 and No. 173
Seahawks trade No. 56 to Ravens for No. 62, No. 165, and No. 199
Round 3
63. Chiefs - Travis Kelce - TE - Cincinnati
64. Jaguars - Dwayne Gratz - CB - Connecticut
65. Lions - Larry Warford - OG - Kentucky
66. Raiders - Sio Moore - LB - Connecticut
67. Eagles - Bennie Logan - DT - LSU
68. Browns - Leon McFadden - CB - San Diego State
69. Cardinals - Tyrann Mathieu - CB - LSU
70. Titans - Blidi Wreh-Wilson - CB - Connecticut
71. Rams - T.J. McDonald - S - USC
72. Jets - Brian Winters - OT - Kent St.
73. Buccaneers - Mike Glennon - QB - N.C. State
74. Cowboys - Terrance Williams - WR - Baylor
75. Saints - Terron Armstead - OT - Arkansas-Pine Bluff
76. Chargers - Keenan Allen - WR - California
77. Dolphins - Dallas Thomas - OT - Tennessee
78. Bills - Marquise Goodwin - WR - Texas
79. Steelers - Markus Wheaton - WR - Oregon St.
80. Cowboys - J.J. Wilcox - S - Georgia Southern
81. Giants - Damontre Moore - DE/OLB - Texas A&M
82. Saints - John Jenkins - DT - Georgia
83. Patriots - Logan Ryan - CB - Rutgers
84. Bengals - Shawn Williams - SS - Georgia
85. Redskins - Jordan Reed - TE - Florida
86. Colts - Hugh Thornton - OG - Illinois
87. Seahawks - Jordan Hill - DT - Penn State
88. 49ers - Corey Lemonier - DE - Auburn
89. Texans - Brennan Williams - OT - North Carolina
90. Broncos - Kayvon Webster - CB - South Florida
91. Patriots - Duron Harmon - S - Rutgers
92. Rams - Stedman Bailey - WR - West Virginia
93. Dolphins - Will Davis - CB - Utah State
94. Ravens - Brandon Williams - DT - Missouri Southern State
95. Texans - Sam Montgomery - DE - LSU
96. Chiefs - Knile Davis - HB - Arkansas
97. Titans - Zaviar Gooden - LB - Missouri
Third-Round Trades:
Dolphins trade No. 82 to Saints for No. 106 and No. 109
Packers trade No. 88 to 49ers for No. 93 and No. 216
Packers trade No. 93 to Dolphins for No. 109, No. 146, and No. 224
Fourth-Round Trades:
Dolphins trade Davone Bess, No. 111, and No. 217 to Browns for No. 104 and No. 164
Jets trade No. 106 to Saints for Chris Ivory
continue story ?
Mike Clay is a football writer for Rotoworld.com and the Founder/Managing Editor of Pro Football Focus Fantasy. He can be found on Twitter .
Email :Mike Clay
Source: http://www.rotoworld.com/articles/nfl/43146/71/2013-nfl-draft-tracker
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NYSTRS picks private equity, real estate equity managers ...
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Saturday, April 27, 2013
84M Uninsured or Underinsured in 2012 - Disabled World
New health insurance survey: 84 million people were uninsured for a time or under-insured in 2012. Nearly decade-long trend of rising uninsured rates among young adults reversed; biennial health insurance survey finds 75 million people struggled with medical debt and 80 million were unable to afford the health care they need.
Eighty-four million people - nearly half of all working-age U.S. adults - went without health insurance for a time last year or had out-of-pocket costs that were so high relative to their income they were considered underinsured, according to the Commonwealth Fund 2012 Biennial Health Insurance Survey.
The survey also found that the proportion of young adults ages 19 - 25 who were uninsured during the year fell from 48 percent to 41 percent between 2010 and 2012, reversing a nearly decade-long trend of rising uninsured rates in that age group. This reversal is likely due to a provision in the 2010 Affordable Care Act allowing young adults to stay on their parents' health insurance until age 26, the authors say.
The report, Insuring the Future: Current Trends in Health Coverage and the Effects of Implementing the Affordable Care Act, finds that the percentage of Americans who were uninsured, underinsured, or had gaps in their health coverage grew steadily between 2003 and 2010, with the number of underinsured nearly doubling from 16 million in 2003 to 29 million in 2010. However, between 2010 and 2012, the numbers of underinsured adults leveled off, growing to 30 million. The authors say that this is partly a result of slower health care cost growth and lower overall health spending by consumers, combined with declining household incomes. But provisions in the health reform law - such as requiring insurers to cover recommended preventive care without any cost to patients - also are beginning to make health care more affordable for many consumers.
"The early provisions of the Affordable Care Act are helping young adults gain coverage and improving the affordability of health care during difficult economic times for American families," said Sara Collins, Ph.D., a Commonwealth Fund vice president and the study's lead author. "It will be critical to continue to monitor the effects of the law as the major provisions go into effect in 2014 and beyond to ensure it achieves its goal of near-universal, comprehensive health insurance."
Millions Are Struggling to Afford Health Care and Falling into Medical Debt
According to the survey, people are increasingly skipping needed health care because they can't afford it. In 2012, 80 million people reported that, during the past year, they did not go to the doctor when they were sick or did not fill a prescription due to cost. Reports of skipping needed care rose substantially from 2003, when 63 million people did not get care because of cost.
Medical debt also continues to burden U.S. households. According to the report, in 2012, 41 percent of working-age adults, or 75 million people, had problems paying their medical bills or were paying off medical bills over time, up from 58 million in 2005. Nearly one of five (18%) adults were contacted by a collections agency over unpaid bills, and 16 percent had to change their way of life because of medical bills. The report finds that medical debt has substantial consequences: 42 percent of survey respondents who reported having trouble with medical bills, or an estimated 32 million people, had a lower credit rating because of unpaid bills and 6 percent, or an estimated 4 million, had to declare bankruptcy because of their bills.
Impact of the Affordable Care Act
The health reform law has already helped millions of young adults gain insurance coverage and protected people from insurance company practices like cancelling policies retroactively when a subscriber becomes sick, or putting a limit on how much they will pay out in a given year or lifetime. But the bulk of the law's effects will not be felt until 2014, when the health insurance reforms are fully implemented and the new state insurance marketplaces are up and running. Using the survey findings to determine how the Affordable Care Act will impact Americans currently uninsured or underinsured, the report finds that:
- Eighty-seven percent of the 55 million people who were uninsured for some time during the year in 2012 have incomes that would make them eligible for subsidized health insurance through the insurance marketplaces or expanded Medicaid under the law, though coverage is limited to those legally present in the U.S.
- Up to eighty-five percent of the 30 million underinsured adults might be eligible for either Medicaid or subsidized health insurance plans with reduced out-of-pocket costs under the law.
The authors say it is critical that the federal government and the states continue to implement the Affordable Care Act, cautioning that if states don't expand Medicaid as the law originally intended, millions of low-income families will be at risk for being uninsured even after the law takes full effect in 2014.
"The costs of health care and health coverage in the United States have been on an unsustainable trajectory, straining family and government budgets," said Commonwealth Fund president David Blumenthal, M.D. "It is important that lawmakers and regulators across the country take the steps necessary to ensure that all Americans can benefit fully from the law's improvements to the quality, efficiency, and affordability of our health care system."
Additional Report Findings:
- In 2012, about three-fourths of working-age adults with low incomes (less than $14,856 a year for an individual or $30,657 for a family of four) - an estimated 40 million people - were uninsured or underinsured.
- Fifty-nine percent of adults with moderate incomes (between $14,856 and $27,925 for an individual or between $30,657 and $57,625 for a family of four) - or 21 million people - were uninsured or underinsured.
- Adults who were uninsured were less likely to receive recommended preventive care in 2012. For example, only 48 percent of women who were uninsured during the year received a mammogram within the recommended period, compared to 77 percent of those who were well insured all year.
Report available at http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Publications.aspx An interactive graphic available at http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Resources
Study Methodology
The Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Survey was conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International from April 26 to August 19, 2012. The survey consisted of 25-minute telephone interviews in either English or Spanish and was conducted among a random, nationally representative sample of 4,432 adults ages 19 and older living in the continental United States. The sample was drawn from a combination of landline and cell phone random-digit dial (RDD) samples.
This report limits the analysis to respondents ages 19 to 64 (n=3,393). Statistical results are weighted to correct for the stratified sample design, the overlapping landline and cellular phone sample frames, and disproportionate non-response that might bias results. The resulting weighted sample is representative of the approximately 183.9 million U.S. adults ages 19 to 64.
The survey has an overall margin of sampling error of +/? 2.3 percentage points at the 95 percent confidence level. The landline portion of the survey achieved a 22 percent response rate and the cellular phone component achieved a 19 percent response rate.
The report also presents estimates from the 2003, 2005, and 2010 Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Surveys. These surveys were conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International using the same stratified sampling strategy as was used in 2012, except the 2003 and 2005 surveys did not include a cell phone random-digit dial sample. In 2003, the survey was conducted from September 3, 2003, through January 4, 2004, and included 3,293 adults ages 19 to 64; in 2005, the survey was conducted from August 2005 to January 2006 among 3,353 adults ages 19 to 64; in 2010, the survey was conducted from July 14 to November 30 2010 among 3,033 adults ages 19 to 64.
The Commonwealth Fund is a private foundation supporting independent research on health policy reform and a high performance health system.
Insurance and Claims - Video clips explaining applying for disability insurance and how to obtain insurance against disabilities.
This web page is from the Disabled World Disability Insurance Information section which provides: In general there are two main types of disability policies short term disability and long term disability insurance.
Health Insurance - Provides coverage for medicine, visits to the doctor or emergency room, hospital stays and other medical expenses. Health insurance can be directly purchased by an individual, or it may be provided through an employer. Medicare and Medicaid are programs which provide health insurance to elderly, disabled, or un-insured individuals. Health insurance may apply to a limited or comprehensive range of medical services and may provide for full or partial payment of the costs of specific services. Benefits may consist of the right to certain medical services or reimbursement of the insured for specified medical costs. Private health insurance is organized and administered by an insurance company or other private agency; public health insurance is run by the government.
Source: http://www.disabled-world.com/disability/insurance/underinsured.php
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Ethiopian Airlines completes first commercial 787 Dreamliner flight since grounding
Nervous flyer? If so, it's probably best you weren't heading from Addis Ababa to Nairobi on business recently. If you were, you might have found yourself onboard the first commercial 787 Dreamliner flight since the global fleet was grounded due to concerns over battery failures. The flight comes just days after the FAA approved Boeing's fix, prompting deliveries of the new craft to resume. With Japan already having cleared the 787 for takeoff, we can expect to see a few more of them in our skies soon. We're more interested in joining the mile-high Android club.
Filed under: Transportation
Source: Reuters
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What are Banner Ads? | Business is Awesome!
When navigating the Internet, you come across numerous banner ads on any given day. These eye-catching and cleverly devised advertisements consist of an image with an embedded hyperlink that activates when someone clicks on the ad. Once the hyperlink is activated, the web browser reroutes to the advertiser?s website. Online banner advertising uses a bit of HTML code to instruct the web server to navigate to a particular webpage when someone clicks on the image or advertisement and the link is activated.
Go to the Next Level
When you want to get involved in advertising online, banner ads are especially useful tools because they do more than provide information about your company or a particular service or product. They add additional value and act as bridges by taking users directly to your webpage. In addition, a banner ad does not have to be a static advertisement. Unlike traditional print ads, banner ads can present multiple images, messages, and animations while changing appearance and catching the attention of potential customers.
Many Options
Online banner ads come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and options. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to this effective marketing tool. According to the Internet Advertising Bureau, eight different banner sizes exist in accordance with pixel dimensions. These standard banner sizes range from very small 88 pixel by 31 pixel to the most common 486 pixel by 60 pixel ?full banner.? Regardless of your marketing and advertising budget, you can find a banner ad option that works well for your business.
Banner Ads as Marketing Tools
Banner ads are online marketing tools. By targeting an online audience and directing potential customers to a particular website, these advertisements build up traffic and increase the chance of visitors becoming future clients.
Furthermore, banner ads are effective in retargeting visitors who have been exposed to the services and products that your business provides. Perhaps someone will see your ad and click on it but not purchase anything from your site. By remarketing and tracking customers who have previously visited your website, you can use banner ads to redirect people back to your website by placing relevant ads on other web pages. By regularly providing potential customers with opportunities to be redirected to your page, you are generating a number of high-potential business opportunities that will, over time, convert and turn into increased business and higher profits.
Source: http://businessisawesome.com/what-are-banner-ads/
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Friday, April 26, 2013
Astronomers discover the Ed Begley Jr. of galaxies
An international team of researchers have spotted the most fuel-efficient galaxy yet, which converts nearly 100 percent of its hydrogen gas into stars.
The tiny red spot in this image is one of the most efficient star-making galaxies ever observed, converting gas into stars at the maximum possible rate. Visible-light observations from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (inset) reveal that the starlight in this galaxy is extraordinarily compact, with most of the light emitted by a region just a fraction of the size of the Milky Way galaxy.
NASA/JPL-Caltech/STScI/IRAM
EnlargeSix billion or so light years from here, there's a galaxy that seems to take seriously the old Lakota maxim about using the whole buffalo.
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Except by "use" we mean "form stars out of" and by "buffalo" we mean "interstellar hydrogen gas."?
Hydrogen gas is the fuel that galaxies use to make new stars, and most galaxies are the equivalent of a Hummer with a broken oxygen sensor, four flat tires, and a buffalo carcass strapped to the roof. Most of the gas meant to transport you gets wasted. But a new study has spotted a galaxy that is converting gas into stars at a rate hundreds of times that of our galaxy with almost 100 percent efficiency.
An international team of scientists looked at data from?NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and spotted a galaxy that was just blazing with infrared radiation, equivalent, they say, to a trillion suns. Observations from the Hubble telescope confirmed that the galaxy, which is affectionately known as?SDSSJ1506+54, is extremely compact, with most of the infrared light pouring from an area that is a fraction of the size of our own Milky Way.?
The researchers then used data from the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer in the French Alps to detect the presence of carbon monoxide, which indicates the presence of hydrogen. By combining the gas measurements with the rate of star formation, the scientists found that the galaxy was forming stars out of the gas at a rate that is close to the theoretical maximum. Their paper, which has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Astrophysical Letters, calls it "star formation at its most extreme."
A NASA press release explains just how this galaxy is achieving such efficiency:
In regions of galaxies where new stars are forming, parts of gas clouds are collapsing due to gravity. When the gas is dense enough to squeeze atoms together and ignite nuclear fusion, a star is born. But this process can be halted by other newborn stars, as their winds and radiation blow the gas outward. The point at which this occurs sets the theoretical maximum for star formation. The galaxy SDSSJ1506+54 was found to be making stars right at this point, just before the gas clouds would otherwise be blown apart.
"We see some gas outflowing from this galaxy at millions of miles per hour, and this gas may have been blown away by the powerful radiation from the newly formed stars," said Ryan Hickox, an astrophysicist at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., and a co-author on the study.
Why is this galaxy so efficient at converting hydrogen into stars while all the others are such slouches? It actually comes down to timing. We just happen to be witnessing the time period, six billion years ago, when this galaxy produces lots of stars. The researchers speculate that this period could have been triggered by the merging of two galaxies into one.?
In any case, it's a bright spot in our sky. As Discovery News's Ian O'Neill points out those living on a planet on the outskirts of this prolific star factory will have a "night" sky that is actually brighter than daylight.
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Scientists image nanoparticles in action
Apr. 25, 2013 ? The macroscopic effects of certain nanoparticles on human health have long been clear to the naked eye. What scientists have lacked is the ability to see the detailed movements of individual particles that give rise to those effects.
In a recently published study, scientists at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute invented a technique for imaging nanoparticle dynamics with atomic resolution as these dynamics occur in a liquid environment. The results will allow, for the first time, the imaging of nanoscale processes, such as the engulfment of nanoparticles into cells.
"We were stunned to see the large-ranged mobility in such small objects," said Deborah Kelly, an assistant professor at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute. "We now have a system to watch the behaviors of therapeutic nanoparticles at atomic resolution."
Nanoparticles are made of many materials and come in different shapes and sizes. In the new study, Kelly and her colleagues chose to make rod-shaped gold nanoparticles the stars of their new molecular movies. These nanoparticles, roughly the size of a virus, are used to treat various forms of cancer. Once injected, they accumulate in solid tumors. Infrared radiation is then used to heat them and destroy nearby cancerous cells.
To take an up-close look at the gold nanoparticles in action, the researchers made a vacuum-tight microfluidic chamber by pressing two silicon-nitride semiconductor chips together with a 150-nanometer spacer in between. The microchips contained transparent windows so the beam from a transmission electron microscope could pass through to create an atomic-scale image.
Using the new technique, the scientists created two types of visualizations. The first included pictures of individual nanoparticles' atomic structures at 100,000-times magnification -- the highest resolution images ever taken of nanoparticles in a liquid environment.
The second visualization was a movie captured at 23,000-times magnification that revealed the movements of a group of nanoparticles reacting to an electron beam, which mimics the effects of the infrared radiation used in cancer therapies.
In the movie, the gold nanoparticles can be seen surfing nanoscale tidal waves.
"The nanoparticles behaved like grains of sand being concentrated on a beach by crashing waves," said Kelly. "We think this behavior may be related to why the nanoparticles become concentrated in tumors. Our next experiment will be to insert a cancer cell to study the nanoparticles' therapeutic effects on tumors."
The team is also testing the resolution of the microfluidic system with other reagents and materials, bringing researchers one step closer to viewing live biological mechanisms in action at the highest levels of resolution possible.
The study appeared in the April 14 print edition of Chemical Communications in the article "Visualizing Nanoparticle Mobility in Liquid at Atomic Resolution," by Madeline Dukes, an applications scientist at Protochips Inc. in Raleigh, N.C.; Benjamin Jacobs, an applications scientist at Protochips; David Morgan, assistant manager of the Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy Facility at Indiana University Bloomington; Harshad Hegde, a computer scientist at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute; and Kelly, who is also an assistant professor of biological sciences in the College of Science at Virginia Tech.
Video: http://research.vtc.vt.edu/videos/2013/apr/11/nanoparticles-action/
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Virginia Tech. The original article was written by Ken Kingery.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- Madeline J. Dukes, Benjamin W. Jacobs, David G. Morgan, Harshad Hegde, Deborah F. Kelly. Visualizing nanoparticle mobility in liquid at atomic resolution. Chemical Communications, 2013; 49 (29): 3007 DOI: 10.1039/C3CC41136B
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/SJCcdpS4XPc/130425142436.htm
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Inside the Time 100: Biden toasts Boston; VP says 2014 race will be ?most attended marathon in history?
NEW YORK?The Time 100 gala took place steps away from Central Park, Lincoln Center and Times Square. But for hundreds of "influential" people in attendance at the black-tie event celebrating the magazine's annual list, their thoughts were in Boston.
?We?ve suffered loss and we?re grieving, but we?re not bending,? Vice President Joe Biden, one of Time's 100 Most Influential People in the World, said. ?I promise you, next year?s marathon will be the biggest, most significant, the most attended marathon in history. That?s who we are. That will happen. That will happen.?
Like the first responders in Boston, Biden said, the Time 100 honorees "are people who refuse to yield, refuse to bend, refuse to bend to the pressure of orthodoxy, are unafraid to question conventional wisdom, refuse to be intimidated."
Biden continued, "Our belief in America is that of every difficult moment in our history, we've come out stronger. We actually believe that. And I'm absolutely confident that we will come out of this recent tragedy this last week stronger, because Americans believe that we can make hope and history arrive. It's stamped in our DNA."
[Related: Time?s 100 ?Most Influential? list includes Obama, Malala, Mayer]
Biden did not attend the cocktail party before dinner, but dozens of honorees did, including Sen. Rand Paul, United Nations Ambassador Susan Rice, Jimmy Kimmel, Jimmy Fallon, Lena Dunham, Brian Cranston, Grammy-winning R&B stars Miguel and Frank Ocean, and former Sen. Gabrielle Giffords and her husband, Mark Kelly, who paused for a photo with Daniel Day-Lewis and Steven Spielberg after the actor and director came through the Secret Service's metal detector.
Mia Farrow, sporting a Boston Red Sox T-shirt, held court with reporters who recognized her from her Twitter feed rather than her work as an actress.
Farrow hugged Giffords. Doris Kearns Goodwin, glass of wine in hand, hugged Day-Lewis. Fallon hugged everybody.
Later, during dinner, Kimmel toasted his late-night rival.
"There's a group of people who are, some of whom are represented here tonight, who I believe are even more important than the politicians, the astronauts, activists, maybe even important than the doctors who are working on a cure for cancer and HIV, and that is comedians," Kimmel said. "Jimmy is probably a bigger influence on me than anyone in this room, because he's so talented and energetic that ... quite frankly, it's a pain in the ass.
"I also want to toast maybe the funniest guy in this room, maybe the funniest of all of us, Vice President Joe Biden," Kimmel said. "Remember that time he told everyone the president supported gay marriage before the president had a chance to? That was hilarious."
Kimmel even had a joke aimed at Marissa Mayer, Yahoo's chief executive and fellow Time 100 honoree.
"You know, I live in Los Angeles, so I wasn't planning to be here tonight," Kimmel said. "But Marissa Mayer said I had to come in, and she's very influential."
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/lookout/time-100-2013-gala-biden-kimmel-145415674.html
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Gas prices jump 6 cents in West Virginia
CHARLESTON, W.Va. (AP) -- West Virginia motorists are seeing higher prices at the gas pump.
AAA East Central says the average price for a gallon of unleaded gasoline rose 6 cents in the past week and now average $3.64 per gallon in the state. That's 22 cents cheaper than the same week a year ago.
State prices range from $3.57 in Weirton and Wheeling to $3.69 in Bridgeport, Huntington and Parkersburg.
West Virginia's average price ranks 12th highest in the country. Wyoming has the lowest price at $3.33 per gallon, and Hawaii's is the highest at 4.37.
Nationally, gas prices average $3.52.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/gas-prices-jump-6-cents-150658570.html
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Thursday, April 25, 2013
Baba Ramdev -Yoga for Young Women (Hindi) ? Yoga Health Fitness
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Baba Ramdev -Yoga for Young Women (Hindi) ? Yoga Health Fitness. This set contains Yoga exercises for women. The practice of the yogic exercises including Pr?
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Deep, permeable soils buffer impacts of crop fertilizer on Amazon streams
Apr. 24, 2013 ? The often damaging impacts of intensive agriculture on nearby streams, rivers, and their wildlife has been well documented in temperate zones, such as North America and Europe.
Yet a new study in an important tropical zone -- the fast-changing southern Amazon, a region marked by widespread replacement of native forest by cattle ranches and more recently croplands -- suggests that at least some of those damaging impacts may be buffered by the very deep and highly permeable soils that characterize large areas of the expanding cropland.
The study, led by Christopher Neill, director of the Ecosystems Center at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), is published this week in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. This entire journal issue is devoted to the consequences of massive land-use changes in Mato Grosso, Brazil, the Amazon's biggest and most dynamic agricultural frontier.
"Over the past two decades, Mato Grosso has experienced both the highest rates of deforestation (mostly for pasture and soya bean expansion) and the greatest reduction in deforestation rates (associated with [government] policies and macroeconomic factors) in the Amazon," write the editors of the issue, who include Neill's collaborator Michael T. Coe of Woods Hole Research Center. "The regional focus of this issue allows for a deep assessment of the complex ecological and social changes related to agricultural transformation of a tropical forest environment."
Neill's study looked specifically at the impacts of soybean agriculture on water quality and quantity at Tanguro Ranch, a nearly 200,000-acre farm similar in climate and geography to large tracts of the Amazon where soybean production, largely for export as animal feed, is expanding rapidly.
The ranch has watersheds that are entirely forested, as well as watersheds that are now entirely soybean cropland, allowing for a comparison.
"We were surprised to find that, despite intensive agriculture at Tanguro Ranch, the streams do not appear to be receiving a significant amount of either nitrogen or phosphorus, despite a high application of phosphorus fertilizer to adjacent cropland," says Neill.
This is in contrast to many Northern Hemisphere cropland areas where fertilizers are known to add nutrients to the soil that, with rainfall, run off into freshwater streams and rivers, leading to over-fertilization and low-oxygen conditions that endanger fish and other aquatic life.
At Tanguro Ranch, however, "the soils are old and highly weathered, very deep, and likely to be fairly uniform over great depths," Neill says. "Water infiltrates the soil very rapidly, and the soil has a great capacity to absorb the nutrients. It appears to act as an enormous buffer."
However, this situation is in transition, he notes. "The southeastern Amazon is a very fast-moving environment of change. Right now, most soybean fields are not fertilized with nitrogen. But that will change because the Amazon is poised for large increases in nitrogen fertilizer use as double-cropping (soybeans plus corn) becomes more prevalent," Neill says. "So it's quite possible we will see greater effects on water quality in the future."
The study also noted impacts of deforestation on the quantity of water entering streams. Typically, after a forest is cut down,
about four times more surface water runs off into small streams because of reduced evaporation to the atmosphere. However, at Tanguro Ranch, rainfall infiltrates quickly into the soil and streams are fed predominantly by groundwater, so stream levels don't fluctuate dramatically, during either the wet and dry seasons, even in cropland watersheds.
"We don't see large changes to the structure of stream channels in small headwater streams, " Neill says. "But in the bigger rivers, we see a cumulative impact of all the extra water from those small streams piling up. When larger rivers have to handle that extra water caused by deforestation, they change geomorphically; their floodplains get re-arranged. Those are also rivers that people use for water supplies, fishing, and transportation. "
Finally, the study showed that the agricultural streams were warmer than the forested streams, caused both by a reduction in bordering forest and the presence of impoundments (small human-made dams).
"Warmer water has implications for the fish," Neill says, "because it holds less oxygen. Warmer water also increases fish metabolism, so fish need more food. We don't know if warming and other changes associated with expanding cropland also increase fish food supply -- if they don't, some fish may not have enough energy to survive."
Neill has been working at Tanguro Ranch since 2007 with collaborators from Woods Hole Research Center, Brown University, the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), and the University of S?o Paulo. Other authors in this journal issue include MBL Senior Scientist Linda Deegan; Shelby Riskin and Gillian Galford, both of whom graduated from the Brown-MBL Graduate Program in Biological and Environmental Sciences; and Brown-MBL faculty members Stephen Porder, Leah VanWey, and Jack Mustard.
"Tanguro Ranch is the focus of a huge amount of the science on land transitions and social-ecological dynamics in the Amazon," says Marty Downs, associate director of Brown University's Environmental Change Initiative.
Neill's study was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, the Fundac?o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo, the Packard Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development.
Theme Issue Ecology, economy and management of an agroindustrial frontier landscape in the southeast Amazon, compiled and edited by Paulo M. Brando, Michael T. Coe and Ruth DeFries. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B, June 5, 2013.
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Story Source:
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Marine Biological Laboratory. The original article was written by Diana Kenney.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- C. Neill, M. T. Coe, S. H. Riskin, A. V. Krusche, H. Elsenbeer, M. N. Macedo, R. McHorney, P. Lefebvre, E. A. Davidson, R. Scheffler, A. M. e. S. Figueira, S. Porder, L. A. Deegan. Watershed responses to Amazon soya bean cropland expansion and intensification. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2013; 368 (1619): 20120425 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0425
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
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